Who Was Geoffrey Chaucer - 888 Words

Who was Geoffrey Chaucer? One of the most unique poets of during the Middle Ages was Geoffrey Chaucer. He was born in London sometime between 1340 and 1344. His parents were John Chaucer and Agnes Copton. John Chaucer was an affluent wine merchant and deputy to the king’s butler. Geoffrey held several opportunities early in his life serving as a noblewoman’s page, a courtier, a diplomat, a civil servant, and a collector of scrap metal. He was given theses oppurtunities because of who his father was and the role he played in society. There is not much about his early life. It was proven that he could speak French, Latin, and Italian. Chaucer joined the English Army’s invasion of France in 1359, this was during the Hundred Years war, it was also during the time of te Black Death. After joining the war he was soon taken prisoner; King Edward the third of England paid his ransom in 1360. Six years later in 1366 Chaucer married Philipa de Roe, who was Kind Edward the thirds wife’s maid. It was rumored that they had two sons an a daughter, but was never proven. The king gave Chaucer a life pension in 1367, and began traveling abroad on diplomatic missions. While on his trips to Italy in 1372 and 1378, he discovered the works of Dante, Boccaccio, and Petrach all of these had a huge impact on Chaucer’s own literary work. Chaucer had taken a liking to love poetry of the French tradition, including the Romaunt of the Rose (c. 1370) and Saint Cecilia (c. 1373), later used as theShow MoreRelatedThe Summoner and His Tale in the Canerbur Tales by Goffergy Chaucer674 Words   |  3 Pagescharacteristics. In the series of tales The Canterbury Tales, author Geoffrey Chaucer writes about a group of people with different occupations during the Middle Ages. Who are going on a pilgrimage to the sacred town of Canterbury. Chaucer gives a detailed description of each character traveling to Canterbury. During this trek to Canterbury each of the passengers tells a different tale that Chaucer has chosen for them. When Chaucer described the Summoner he started with he had a face on fire like aRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer s Impact On Literature1231 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s Impact on Literature: English poet Geoffrey Chaucer is acclaimed to be one of the best and most influential poets in history. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote several famous literary works in what is called middle English. Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1340 in London, England. Over the course of Chaucer’s life, he entered and exited several different social classes. He began to write his most known pieces when he became a public servant to Countess Elizabeth of Ulster in 1357. He diedRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1321 Words   |  6 PagesCanterbury Tales is enhancing. Geoffrey Chaucer was a revolutionary writer whose life influenced his writing. Geoffrey Chaucer helped the king and stayed at his service for years. Chaucer quit the service to chase his ambitious dream of being a writer and a poet, and hoped to succeed. Chaucer wrote many stories and poems and his most successful and popular was The Canterbury Tales. His stories were revolutionary and successful. Geoffrey Chaucer s li fe was not always good, he was originally a servant andRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer s Influence On The 19th Century1341 Words   |  6 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer was one of the most acclaimed writers of the 14th century. It was not exactly certain when Geoffrey Chaucer was, born but it was known to be around 1340 to 1344. He was the son of John Chaucer and Agnes Copton. John Chaucer was a very successful London wine merchant, but soon died in 1366. His wife Agnes got remarried to another Chaucer, said to be a cousin of her late husband John. â€Å"Just where the boy got his schooling is not known; he may have been at either Oxford or CambridgeRead MoreChaucers The Canterbury Tales1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canterbury Tales serves as a moral manual in the Middle Ages. In the tales, Geoffrey Chaucer portrays the problems of the society. For instance, Chaucer uses the monk and the friar in comparison to the parson to show what the ecclesiastical class are doing versus what they are supposed to be doing. In other words, it is to make people be aware of these problems. It can be inferred that the author’s main goal is for this literary work to serve as a message to the people along with changing theRead MoreWomen s Liberty Through Literature1105 Words   |  5 PagesJohnson  The role of women in society has been well documented through world literature. Works such as The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, Hamlet by William Shakespeare,The Education of Women by Daniel Defoe, and A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen. These works come from a wide variety of time periods, they range from the middle ages to the modern era, where the first was published around 900 years before the last.  Women make up approximately half of the population of the world, yet throughoutRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales Comparative Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesComposition A Knight Nobler Than a Monk The Canterbury Tales, written at the end of the fourteenth century, is a frame story written by Geoffrey Chaucer. In the novel, the narrator joins a diverse group of twenty-nine pilgrims who are traveling from Southwark to the shrine of the martyr Saint Thomas’a Becket. While the pilgrims are gathered at the inn, Chaucer observes the pilgrims and records a descriptive account of twenty-seven of the pilgrims, which include a knight and a monk. When readingRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath s Tale By Geoffrey Chaucer And Le Morte D Arthur1133 Words   |  5 Pagessystem in feudalism was honored by society. During the time period, the social status of a man was determined by wealth and the amount of land he owned, making men superior to women. Women were expected to please their husband and take care of the home. They were treated very unfairly compared to men. The stories, â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and â€Å"Le Morte d’ Arthur† by S ir Thomas Malory reveal the values of society by adding satire and characterization. Chaucer incorporates satireRead MoreTheme Of Feudal Class In The Canterbury Tales1218 Words   |  5 Pagesthe number and the cause/ Of our assembly in this company (lines 711-14). Geoffrey Chaucer explains to his readers that he has given a full description of each of his fellow pilgrims in his General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales. Along with naming each character, he provides their profession which classifies each pilgrim into one of three social classes: the religious class, the merchant class, or feudal order. Chaucer provides a social commentary of the major social classes of his day, and thoughRead MoreThe Pardoners Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"To be idle is a short road to death and to be diligent is a way of life†. The Pardoner’s tale, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, underlined the main theme â€Å"radix malorum est cupiditas†, or that greed is the root of all evil. The Pardoner’s tale is an eccentric tale about three brothers, who succumb to the temptations of greed. In The Pardoner’s tale he referenced that the characters, or rioutours who exhibited these sins were men, because it would be unrealistic in that era to see women behave in that context

Essay Perceptions on Belonging - 1014 Words

Perceptions of Belonging in our society â€Å"We belong †¦ like fish in water. We’re in our environment.† This quote from the New York Times shows the perception of belonging as the idea about connecting to a place, person, group or a community. Feliks Skrzynecki by Peter Skrzynecki, Im nobody! Who are you? by Emily Dickinson and The Rabbits by John Marsden Shaun Tan show the concept of belonging as being contrasted towards the New York Times quote, showing the alienation and non-existent connection towards it. These texts have furthered my understanding on the perceptions of belonging by recognising the different concepts of connection to people, places and things. The text â€Å"Feliks Skrzynecki† by Peter Skrzynecki†¦show more content†¦Who are you?† by Emily Dickinson shows the connection towards the society, the people and herself. In the poem, the poet portrays herself as a â€Å"Nobody† and playfully asks the responder â€Å"Who are you?†. Dickinson follows up by adding â€Å"Are you nobody too?/Then there is a pair of us!† this helps Dickinson unite with the responder adding the sense of belonging to one another. In the last stanza, the poet shows how oppressive the â€Å"somebodies† crowd can be â€Å"Dont tell!/Theyd advertise - you know?† This also shows the connection that Dickinson has with being a nobody, and the ability to stand out from the crowd. â€Å"How dreary to be somebody!† shows how the poet loves to be a nobody, and feels like she belongs. Dickinson frequently uses rhythmic dashes to interrupt the flow, and engage the responder to pause to think and feel ab out the line. The poet also uses juxtaposition in the line â€Å"How public—like a Frog—† These combining elements are not typically considered together, and, thus, more powerfully conveying its meaning. The poem shows that Dickinson is quite content with not connecting with the â€Å"somebodies† and that the poet enjoys being an outsider to the rest of the world and feels like she belongs to her own little place. In the picture book, The rabbits by John Marsden Shaun Tan it shows the perspective of belonging as connecting to the indigenous Aboriginal land, people and culture. The allegory of the rabbits beingShow MoreRelatedPerception of Belonging2009 Words   |  9 PagesAn individual’s perceptions of belonging evolve in response to the passage of time and interaction with their world. In what ways is this view of belonging represented in your prescribed text and at least ONE other related text of your own choosing? – Moria Perenise An individual’s perceptions of belonging evolve in response to the passage of time and interaction with their world. In today’s society we are known for adopting the latest trends when seen, trying to fit in by changing our identitiesRead MoreExplore How Perceptions of Belonging or Not Belonging Are Influenced by Connections to Places.1735 Words   |  7 PagesA connection to a physical location may present us with the perception that we either belong or not belong however, it is the connections that we form with people in places, memories of previous places and ones response to experiences within places that heightens ones sense of belonging or alienation. The concept of belonging through connections with people, experiences and memories in certain places is explored in the texts Romulus my Father a memoir by Raimond Gaita and Oranges and Sunshine directedRead MoreBelonging: Perception and St Patrick Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesExplore how perceptions of belonging and not belonging can be influenced by connections to places. In your response, refer to your prescribed text and at least one other related text of your own choosing. â€Å"Home is where the heart is† was quoted by Pliny the Elder and is now used to signify a personal connection to a place and the personal sense of belonging received when at this place. Perceptions are influenced by connections to places and sometimes made by connections and disconnections to placesRead MoreDifferent People Have Different Perceptions of Belonging Speech2039 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Different people have different perceptions of belonging† speech Bridgette Ferrier Good morning year 12 and thankyou for coming. Today I am here to discuss with you how â€Å"different people have different perceptions of belonging† through the analysis of Peter Skrzynecki’s poems ‘Feliks Skrzynecki’ and ‘St Patrick’s College’. As well as my own related texts, My place Episode 2. So what is belonging? Well perceptions and ideas of belonging or not belonging vary. These perceptions are shaped within personalRead MoreBelonging- Connections to Place1700 Words   |  7 PagesBelonging Essay 2011 HSC Question Question 3 (15 marks) Explore how perceptions of belonging and not belonging can be inï ¬â€šuenced by connections to places. In your response, refer to your prescribed text and at least ONE other related text of your own choosing. The prescribed texts are listed on the next page. Word Length: 1200 words A sense of belonging is an essential part of the human condition; it is a desire shared by all. Belonging refers to the ability of an individual to ï ¬ t in a speciï ¬ ed placeRead MoreEducating Rita Belonging756 Words   |  4 PagesEducating Rita Question: How is the concept of belonging presented in Educating Rita? Extract One: Act 1 Scene 1 Willy Russell explores the concept of belonging in the first scene of Educating Rita through language and dramatic techniques. It is evident from the moment that Frank and Rita meet that their perceptions of belonging are vastly different. Ritas entrance, Im comin in, arent I? Its that stupid bleedin handle on the door. You wanna get it fixed! shocks both Frank and the audienceRead MoreBelonging Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesBelonging Essay Concept, perceptions and ideas to belong or not to belong differ from person to person. This is due to experiences that shape ones personality that come through personal, cultural, social and historical context. The idea of belonging allows one to have some sort of connection and communal with people, places, groups, communities and the wider world. In contrast not belonging causes one to suffer from alienation, exclusion and marginalisation. As a result these factors can cause anRead MoreThe Simple Gift971 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding nourishes belonging†¦ a lack of understanding prevents it. Demonstrate how your prescribed text and ONE other related text of your own choosing represent this interpretation of belonging. Belonging is primarily about acceptance and developing a connection and identity. Belonging implies an understanding of the needs of the individual and the group and negotiating a way towards acceptance of those needs. Conversely, exclusion emerges when the individual and the group fail to understandRead MoreBelonging - Peter Skryznecki Mean Girls1180 Words   |  5 PagesBelonging is not always a good thing. What disadvantages are there for individuals and society in belonging? Refer to set text and one other related text. Belonging in some instances can not be beneficial for ones wellbeing. Negative consequences may arise from the way in which one develops belonging. Barriers to belonging can be imposed or voluntarily constructed, and allowing one to distort the barriers can affect the way one belongs to people, places, groups or the larger world. Peter Skryznecki’sRead MoreHsc Belonging -Peter Skrzynecki Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesPeople’s perceptions of belonging can change over time, but this isn’t the case for all. When people experience moments of crisis in their lives they sometimes force a change within themselves and that is what helps them find an individual sense of belonging. This is highlighted in many texts and even composers life works. Texts that support this statement include Peter Skrzynecki’s Immigrant Chronicle poems, of which I have chosen St Patricks College and Feliks Skrzynecki. Skrzynecki’s poetry expresses

Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting Free Essays

AC 216 – Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting Exam #1 Name SOLUTIONS Part I. Multiple Choice (2 pts each, 40 pts total) Instructions: Select the one best answer to each question. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now The insufficient anchor adjustment cognitive bias refers to: a. placing too much significance on the average value. b. placing significance on an erroneous prior value. c. overconfidence in one’s decision based on insufficient information. d. placing too much significance on a value which is the hardest to recall. 2. Which of the following characteristics typifies a complicated environment? . good practice. b. process reengineering. c. exclusive use of experts. d. best practice. â€Å"c† arguably makes sense but the word â€Å"exclusive† makes it less than the best answer. 3. Which of the following statements is correct: a. Problems can be universally agreed upon, while issues are subject to greater depth of debate. b. Problems and issues are both always universally agreed upon. c. Issues can be universally agreed upon, while problems are subject to greater depth of debate. d. Problems are exactly the same as issues. 4. Deciding whether to use strawberry or grape jam on one’s sandwich is: a. not a moral issue because no real decision needs to be made. b. a moral issue because a choice between alternatives is required. c. not a moral issue because no component of harm exists. d. a moral issue because consequences are important. 5. Ksenia believes that success is under her own control. She most likely has a/an: a. high internal locus of control b. high external locus of control c. high locus of control d. a lack of locus of control 6. Kohlberg’s theories on ethical awareness state that: . differing levels of ethical awareness exist. b. locus of control determines one’s level of ethical awareness. c. most individuals reach a â€Å"stage 3† level of ethical awareness. d. both A and C are correct. 7. Which of the following statements regarding Trevino’s eight steps to ethical decision making are incorrect? a. The framework starts off with mechanical steps followed by pe rsonal ones. b. Identification of stakeholders and weighing alternatives are two separate steps. c. In real life decision making, not all eight steps are always followed. d. The role of intuition is not considered. 8. Which of the following ethical approaches is considered to be a mixed framework? a. Kant ethics. b. Sidgwick’s dualism. c. Love ethic. d. Existentialism. 9. The Existentialism approach is similar to the egoism approach in what regard? a. Both are teleological approaches. b. Both are deontological approaches. c. Both have a narrow individual focus. d. Both balance individual and group considerations. 10. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Business ethics deals exclusively with the theory behind right and wrong. b. Business ethics deals with the application of standards of right and wrong. c. Ethics and law are synonymous. d. Ethics and morality are exactly the same since both deal with application of right and wrong. 11. Which of the following describes law and ethics. a. They are exactly the same. b. Some legal actions may not be ethical. c. All ethical actions are also legal. d. All legal actions are also ethical. 12. According to the textbook and class discussion, U. S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines: a. Treat all firms equally despite their attempts to act ethically. b. Increase the severity of penalties for firms that tried to act ethically but failed to do so. c. Attempt to reduce the severity of penalties when a firm has tried to act ethically. d. Treat misconduct as a clear cut matter of right or wrong. 13. The argument for extreme ethical relativism fails because: a. It is illogical. b. It advocates a consequentialist decision making framework. c. It advocates a mixed framework approach. d. Both A and C are correct. 14. Ethical conduct depends largely on: a. Good decision making. b. Practical application of standards of right and wrong. . Making decisions when not all facts are known. d. All of the above. 15. Which of the following best typify’s a Contractarian Ethics approach? a. Treating like cases in a consistent and fair manner. b. Focusing on overall collective benefit for society. c. Balancing just actions for individuals only. d. Everyone should look out for themselves only. In this way, overall society benefits. 16. A set of prac tices, for polite society, common to a particular group is called: a. etiquette. b. custom. c. law. d. professionalism. 17. According to Jim Collins great companies focus on: a. Short-term goals only. b. Long-term goals only. c. Both short and long term goals. d. Neither short nor long term goals. 18. Intuitionalism: a. is a mixed framework. b. emphasizes rules and exceptions to the rule. c. a deontological framework. d. Both â€Å"a† and â€Å"b† 19. Which of the following is correct regarding the definitions of the following terms? | |Morality |Ethics | |a. |Theoretical |Practical | |b. |Practical |Theoretical | |c. Theoretical |Theoretical | |d. |Practical |Practical | 20. Which of the following statements regarding business ethics is incorrect? a. The mechanics of thinking and decision making are key components. b. Use of different approaches and frameworks always yields the same decision since there is always a best option. c. Decisions often need to be made when all facts are not known. d. Just because more than one option exists, it does not mean that all options are acceptable. Part II. Essay (20 points each; 60 points total) Prepare a proper essay response to all three of the questions appearing below. 1. Define the notion of an â€Å"ethical dilemma. † What tests are available which help to indicate the presence of an â€Å"ethical dilemma? † 2. If you had to choose just one of the philosophical approaches discussed in this chapter to guide your decision making, which would you choose? Why? Or, if you had to rank them from most to least helpful, how would you rank them? 3. Citing an example to help illustrate your point, define and apply the 8 steps recommended in ethical decision making as discussed by Trevino. How to cite Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting, Essay examples

Managing and Feeding Lactating Dairy †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Managing and Feeding Lactating Dairy. Answer: Introduction: The study examines the UKCIP adaptation wizard Dairy Crest to establish the impacts of climate change on the sector. Dairy Crest is one of UKs leading companies that deal with the production, manufacturing and supply of milk products. The organization is listed amongst the most performing firms in the dairy products industry due to the number of brands, employees and annual net profits. Climate is an important factor when it comes to the progress of the field and changes might greatly influence Dairy Crest either in the positive or negative way. The present temperature factors influencing the sector should therefore be controlled to reduce any negative impacts that might result in the future (Christensen et.al 2013). The companys activities including the site developments and care for the animals, extraction and processing of the products, employee activities and the marketing and supply of the outputs greatly depend on climate. Getting Started How does Climate change affect the system? Cows purposefully kept for the production of milk are sensitive to the environmental temperatures which affects their yields in the long run. The animals are comfortable in cool areas with temperatures of below 70 degrees. The UK dairy industry is at risk due to the increased climatic changes that occur due to heavy industrial activities. Most manufacturing and processing companies are responsible for the increased emission of greenhouse gases. As (Capper, Cady Bauman 2009) explains, once these gases get to the atmosphere, they destroy the ozone layer which leads to sudden weather alterations. Unfavorable weather changes influence the growth of animal pastures and the existence of the dairy cows as well. Dairy Crest deals with the grooming of the livestock, processing and selling of the resulting products. All their activities can therefore be inconvenienced due to climate change as all these activities require specific temperatures for quality outcomes (Ethical Consumer 2015). Extremely hot temperatures will lead to stress and discomfort of the livestock which in turn reduces their milk production. That explains the reason for the construction of their structures which minimizes the amount of heat getting inside. The pasture growth will also be disadvantaged because of too much heat which might lead to poor quality of grass and legumes. Dairy Crest will alternatively spent a lot of resources on irrigation. Severe cold weather is also dangerous for the growth of dairy animals as they need direct sunrays at times during developments. This kind of weather leads to dump conditions around the animal breeding areas which is a contributing factor to diseases. The organization also has many employees both in the fields and offices to ensure all operations run as desired. In the cases of extreme weather changes, the staff members may not be able to effectively perform their duties which is a disadvantage to achieving the goals and objectives of the company. What are the desired achievements for the assessment? The main issue that requires attention for the study is climate change in the agricultural sector, specifically dairy farming. The increased industrialization affects livestock keeping in such a way that it might lead to the collapse of companies dealing with these products. Dairy Crest as the company in question covers a great part of the UK milk market. The main reason as to why the firm is doing well is because of favorable weather conditions which is turning to be a threat. The analysis seeks to address all the factors influencing climate and their impact on dairy activities. The situation is experiencing variations on a daily basis which is also a factor to consider. The illustration therefore aims at studying the possible future of climate change and the extremes to which it will influence agriculture. Dairy Crest might be doing so well at the moment but that situation might not be similar in the next few years. The report therefore illustrates the position of the company and the likely hood of change in any direction. Studying these issues related to natural environment requires time of investigation and observation which determines the kind of results at the end of the research. The report has therefore looked at the dairy sector in the UK ten years ago and the new advancements or problems that have emerged since then. The same analysis also focuses on predicting the future for the industry five years in the future and comparing the results. Climate change is the main focus of comparison as it keeps on changing depending on the kind of industrial activities occurring in the neighboring environment. What are difficulties faced and methods to overcome them? Dairy Crest as a leading company in the agricultural supply market does not always have it easy as many might think. They face a lot of challenges especially those connected to climatic changes and the natural environment in general. Their daily activities require favorable weather conditions to achieve their set goals and market expectations. Since they deal with both growing of pastures and keeping of the livestock, their risks are higher. The firm might end up losing in both fields which are interconnected and hence leading to reduce sales and animal count. The companys operations face the danger of reduced milk and fat production from the animals due to extreme weather conditions (Dunn et.al 2014). Technological advancements for cooling warming buildings play a great role in maintaining the appropriate room temperature that is required for proper breeding. When it comes to the outdoor environment, Dairy Crest risks the factors of soil erosion and damaging of pasture crops due to excess rains. The vice versa is also dangerous as hot climates might dry up the plants leading to future shortages. They apply conservation methods and irrigation to resolve these cases. Is my System Vulnerable to the Climate Change-680 2.1 How have previous weather changes affected my sector? Whether has greatly affected the operations of Dairy Crest and the whole milk production industry in the UK in the past. Reports show that sudden rainfalls, extreme hot temperatures and strong winds have reduced income received from the sector in an annual basis. Heavy rains destroy the animal feeds which are the major source of nutrients facilitating to the livestock production. The vast fields in Dairy crest were flooded making it difficult for the animals to walk around and feed on their own. They also damaged some of the weak animal structures which led to the deaths of a few and additional costs of repairs. Hot temperatures on the other hand are not effective for comfortable survival of the dairy cattle. The heat inside the structures and in the outdoor environment leads to stress for the animals which in turn leads to reduced milk outputs (Prathap et.al 2016). The animal feed growing suffered the most as lack of rains for long period led to poor quality pasture and dying up in some areas that could not be irrigated. Finally heavy winds that occurred in 2015 around the Dairy Crest fields led to a lot of damages both for the animals and the crops. Starting from the destruction of buildings, to plants, the situation forced the company to take steps against climate change. 2.2 How did my system deal with past weather events? Although the company was not able to fully protect their property, strong structures and technology inside the cattle houses were advanced to ensure for the continued production despite the weather. The animal houses were reconstructed using durable materials like concrete, graphite and steel replacing the previous bricks and wood. The offices occupied by different workers were also renovated to ensure for the safety of the employees in cases of heavy rains or strong winds. The field staff built contours and ditches top get rid of excess water that earlier on led to soil erosion. Heavy rains were therefore not that much damaging as the water did not flood the lands occupied by grass and animals as well (Patterson 2015). They also conserved the rain water which is now used during the droughts for drinking by the animals and also irrigating the crops. The sector also encouraged all the organizations and small scale farmers to adopt safe operations methods to take care of their livestock. The ministry of agriculture made power accessible to all farms and companies which in turn ensured that they can provide warming and cooling systems for their livestock. 2.3 What are the critical thresholds for my sector? Dairy farming is a critical sector when it comes to weather requirements and variations might lead to failure. Dairy Crest deals with livestock keeping as well as growing of the feeding grass which considered an advantage to their activities. It is however challenging as each of the two products require different climatic conditions and sudden changes might affect either of these. Cattle keeping require cool temperatures between the hot and cold climates to ensure for maximum milk outputs. It should not go below 20 degrees or above 70 which might not be case in a country like UK (Warner 2013). Their structures should be maintained at room temperature as it the place where the cattle spend most of their time. The pasture growing is however not as demanding in terms of climate as they can survive rainfall of up to 10,000ml (Oregon State University 2017). They can also thrive in considerably hot climates since most of these feeds maintain water for a long period including Napier grass. 2.4 Are there any unknowns that will influence the sector Once the company has considered the issues of weather and their influences to operations, they can expect to attain the highest returns. These are however factors that might threaten the industry like occurrences of diseases which are not influenced by climate (Nardone et.al 2010). These diseases might be because of the breed type of the cattle and spread quickly due to the numbers. The company should therefore make their veterinary services more often and improve their livestock grades. How will my system be affected by future climate change-680 3.1 How is Climate expected to change? There is continued increase of industrial activities all around the world, making greenhouse gas emissions a great threat to agriculture. In the UK and Australia, the situation is expected to remain the same as industrialization has spread in all the regions. There is the possibility of sudden weather shifts caused by the damaged ozone layer (Schlenker, Hanemann Fisher 2006). It might even get to a time where the extents of global warming lead to abnormal temperature escalations which completely hinders the possibility dairy farming (McMichael et.al 2007). The firm should also make arrangements to deal with such situations by first reducing the types of pollutants they release to the natural environment. 3.3 Are there indirect climate impacts that need to be considered? Climate does not always have to directly affect the animals and pasture to make an impact in the sector. The adverse variations in rainfall, sunshine and wind might be inappropriate for the workers especially those working in the fields (Barnes Toma 2012). They will end up performing poorly in their daily duties which in turn affects the companys outputs. Human resource is an important department which enables for the progress of other activities because all activities require human labor. 3.4 What risks do these climate impacts present? The greatest risk of climate change is that it can damage the progress of any agricultrual acitities. It comes hand in hand with global warming which is an issue that threatens all human, animal and plant existence. For example, life is thretened during heavy rainfalls or extremely hot weathers as survival of all living organisms require balanced temperatures. Dairy Crest involves takinmg care of the animals, crops and humans around the enviroenemnt (Uga Extension 2017). The three operate similary in their ways of adaptiong to change of the weather and any irregulatieies will have a negative impact to them. 3.5 Will climate risks be more or less important than others for my systems? There are many factors that might influence the dairy farming industry in both the positive and negative ways. However, climate has the biggest effect as nature and agriculture are interdependent. The best way to ensure that there is a successful experience in the sector is by controlling the temperatures by constructing the appropriate structures for the animals and plants as well (Lesschen et.al 2011) The climatic variation over time influences type of activities that can take place in the company and determine the success or failure in these activities. 3.6 What are the priority risks that need and adaptation response Some of the major risks in need of a quick fix may include unfavorable and uncomfortable weather conditions that make it difficult for the survival of living creatures. The threat to the damage of the ozone layer and increased global warming are also common in the heavy industrial society (Gill, Smith Wilkinson 2010). With more of these, then there are no activities that can progress successfully especially in the area under focus. Identify, Assess and Implement your adaptation options-680 4.1 Identify a range of adaptation options With every problem, there must be ways to adapt to the situation and survive even in the worst conditions ever. The agricultural sector can make changes in their operations to keep on making progress in the changing climate environments (Yano, Shimadzu Endo 2014). Some of these options include reducing the pollutants that they release to the environment as it affects their activities. During the keeping of animals or crops, it might be beneficial to reduce the amount of chemicals used in treating diseases and many others. The sector can also adopt the much improved breeds that ensure for the comfortable adaptation of tough climatic variations (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014). 4.2 Identify your adaptation options Dairy Crest deals with sensitive animals that require specific temperatures to effectively develop and produce as well. The company can therefore purchase animal genes that are adaptive to all weather conditions with much comforts. Most of these breeds can be found in Netherlands whereby dairy farming is the core of the economy (Paerl Paul 2012). These livestock are easier to maintain and can deal with diseases and temperature changes without having to reduce their milk outputs. Finally the company should consider trying out forestry in their fields as it seems to have less trees. Forests help reduce soil erosion by holding soil particles together which will be of a benefit to the growing of pasture. They also reduce the strength of winds which have a damaging impact on the crops, animal structures and the comfort of the livestock as well (Rojas et.al 2017). From the picture shown above, more trees are needed to provide shelter, act as windbreakers and also attract rainfall. 4.3 Factors to consider while evaluating options These options should consider the factors of cost and space since there might a limitation of both. Aquiring higher quality breeds of cattle require resources to ensure that you get the best animals and achieve the desired results (Dairy Guy 2016). Such like a move might leave the company deprived of funds and unable to conduct other crucial activities. It is therefore good to ensure that the firm has the ability to improve their breeds with less impacts on its internal and external operations. Planting trees requires space as the activity should not block the animal structures from accessing direct sunrays. The company should also consider having a vast land for the animals to feed outdoor with protection from the forest (Bindi Olesen 2011). It is therefore important to ensure that the company plans its landscapes to incorporate trees and still balance with the keeping of the animals. 4.5 When should this assessment be reviewed The assessment should be reviewed every time there is need to find out more about climate change and its influence to dairy farming. The analysis describes in details the different weather conditions and their impacts to the sector and options that can be used to adapt these situations (Stocker 2014). It is however a guide for future reference to establish the position of Dairy Crest in the past and the changes they have made since then. Therefore, the document is a crucial piece of information in the present and the future. References Barnes, A.P. and Toma, L., 2012. A typology of dairy farmer perceptions towards climate change. Climatic Change, 112(2), pp.507-522. Bindi, M., Olesen, J. E., 2011. The responses of agriculture in Europe to climate change. 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Climate change: links to global expansion of harmful cyanobacteria. Water research, 46(5), 1349-1363. Patterson B., 2015. Australias Farmers challenged by Climate Change. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/australia-s-farmers-challenged-by-climate-change/ Prathap P., Archana P.R., Aleena J., Sejian V., 2016 Heat Stress and Dairy Cow: Impact on Both Milk Yield and Composition Rojas-Downing, M. M., Nejadhashemi, A. P., Harrigan, T., Woznicki, S. A., 2017. Climate change and livestock: impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. Climate Risk Management. Schlenker, W., Hanemann, W. M., Fisher, A. C., 2006. The impact of global warming on US agriculture: an econometric analysis of optimal growing conditions. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(1), 113-125. Stocker, T. (Ed.), 2014. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: Working Group I contribution to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Uga Extension, 2017. Managing and Feeding Lactating Dairy Cows in Hot Weather. Retrieved from https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B956 Warner D., 2013. Keeping cows cool critical to dairy industry as climate warms. Retrieved on Nov 12th 2017 from https://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2013/04/keeping_cows_cool_critical_to.html Yano, M., Shimadzu, H., Endo, T., 2014. Modelling temperature effects on milk production: a study on Holstein cows at a Japanese farm. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 129.